Multistation observations of ELF/VLF whistler mode chorus

摘要: [1] An array of seven ELF/VLF receivers in Alaska is utilized for direction finding and determination ionospheric exit point whistler mode chorus waves from the Earth's magnetosphere. Each receiver records both orthogonal horizontal magnetic components waves. All sites use GPS-synchronized sampling, allowing localization points utilizing arrival azimuth time lag between sites. Results show two distinct groups cases, emissions with singular those multiple points. Singular cases exhibit migration conversion as a function propagation distance source point. The case shows impinging on ionosphere over spread latitude, suggesting nonducted propagation. Ray tracing this unable to reproduce observations unless cold plasma density different than that predicted by geomagnetic conditions used. It proposed elements cross transionospheric boundary after experiencing scattering meter-scale irregularities. Additionally, subionospheric VLF remote sensing used detect precipitation onto energetic radiation belt electrons have been pitch angle scattered individual emission packets. perturbation signatures are consistent fluxes being dominated energies less 1 MeV.