Comparison of Gasoline Direct-Injection (GDI) and Port Fuel Injection (PFI) Vehicle Emissions: Emission Certification Standards, Cold-Start, Secondary Organic Aerosol Formation Potential, and Potential Climate Impacts

摘要: Recent increases in the Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards have led to widespread adoption of vehicles equipped with gasoline direct-injection (GDI) engines. Changes engine technologies can alter emissions. To quantify these effects, we measured gas- and particle-phase emissions from 82 light-duty recruited California in-use fleet tested on a chassis dynamometer using cold-start unified cycle. The included 15 GDI vehicles, including 8 GDIs certified most-stringent standard, superultra-low-emission (SULEV). We quantified effects technology, emission certification standards, For same there is no statistical difference regulated gas-phase pollutant between PFIs GDIs. However, had, average, factor 2 higher particulate matter (PM) mass than due elemental carbon (EC) SULEV ...