Adiponectin and the control of female reproductive functions.

摘要: Adiponectin is the most abundant protein secreted by white adipose tissue. It circulates at high levels in bloodstream and its serum concentration inversely correlated with body fat mass. The wide distribution of adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1, AdipoR2, T-cadherin) peripheral tissues organs allows to exert pleiotropic effects on whole-body metabolism. Besides well-known antidiabetic, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory properties, accumulating evidence suggests a direct role for reproductive tissues. mammalian ovary ovarian follicle express AdipoR1 treating pig granulosa cells induces changes characteristic periovulatory period. Moreover, additive are observed between insulin induction cell gene expression, thus suggesting that actions may be mediated through insulin-sensitizing effects. also detected uterus. In women, higher AdipoR2 expression was during mid-secretory phase menstrual cycle, implicated endometrial preparation embryo implantation. found oocytes early developing pig, rabbit, mice embryos, it has been demonstrated can increase success porcine development blastocyst stage vitro. two three times greater human fetal circulation umbilical cord blood, compared adult plasma. This further indicates growth. suggested adipose-derived locally produced act as key neuromodulator functions. For example, inhibition LH GnRH release from rat pituitary hypothalamic following treatment provides gonadotropins. Adipose tissue now recognized an important factor complex equation which nutritional status regulates female underweight women have delayed puberty risk premature delivery, whereas overweight obese prone develop polycystic syndrome (PCOS), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia. Because hypoadiponectinemia often associated abovementioned disorders, this adipokine might play these pregnancy-related complications. disorders come metabolic complications such glucose resistance, explain association PCOS, GDM, review summarizes current knowledge highlights mechanisms where information available. We discuss about known potential roles disorders.