Applications of geochemical and multivariate statistical approaches for the evaluation of groundwater quality and human health risks in a semi-arid region of eastern Maharashtra, India

摘要: A qualitative approach, including geochemical and multivariate statistical approaches, is applied to evaluate the groundwater quality human health risk, based on analytical data of 72 samples collected from a semi-arid region eastern Maharashtra, India. The shifting hydrochemical type Ca2+–Na+– $${\rm H}{\text{C}}{\rm O}_{3}^{ - }$$ Na+–Ca2+–Cl− was observed along different flow paths. main controlling processes chemical characterisation are water–rock interactions, dedolomitisation reverse ion exchange. Simulation analysis (mass transfer) exposes dissolution dolomite, gypsum, halite, k-feldspar CO2 down simulated pathways. Around 77% total variance first three principal component analyses. high positive loadings EC, TDS, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl−, $${\text{NO}}_{3}^{ $${\text{SO}}_{4}^{2 PC1 revealed silicate weathering exchange followed by activities as contamination sources. sources identified for PC2 soil activities. pH F− in PC3 fluorite calcite precipitation. risk calculated that 58% 44% surpassed tolerance limit non-carcinogenic 1.0 children adults. assessment fluoride showed hazard index values 40% 23% adults, respectively. study suggests some management measures protection resources.