Ionic Interactions in Biological and Physical Systems: a Variational Treatment

摘要: Chemistry is about chemical reactions. electrons changing their configurations as atoms and molecules react. has for more than a century studied reactions if they occurred in ideal conditions of infinitely dilute solutions. But most occur salt solutions that are not ideal. In those everything (charged) interacts with else through the electric field, which short long range extending to boundaries system. Mathematics recently been developed deal interacting systems this sort. The variational theory complex fluids spawned liquid crystals (or vice versa). my view, ionic should be viewed fluids, particularly biological engineering context. both biology electrochemistry mixtures highly concentrated (∼10 M) where important, near electrodes, nucleic acids, proteins, active sites enzymes, channels. Ca2+ always involved because concentration (really free energy per mole) particular location signal controls many functions. Such simple it no wonder analysis interactions, such Hofmeister series, rooted tradition succeeded one would hope. Here, we present treatment hard spheres frictional dielectric hope an electrolyte fluid will productive. automatically extends spatially nonuniform boundary nonequilibrium flows produce. unavoidably self-consistent since differential equations derived (not assumed) from models (Helmholtz free) dissipation electrolyte. origin series (in view) inverse problem becomes well posed when enough data disjoint experimental traditions interpreted theory.