Clinical pathophysiology of human T-lymphotropic virus-type 1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis.

摘要: Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a human retrovirus, is the causative agent of progressive neurological disease termed HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HAM/TSP chronic inflammatory central nervous system and characterized by unremitting myelopathic symptoms such as paraparesis, lower limb sensory disturbance, bladder/bowel dysfunction. Approximately 0.25%–3.8% HTLV-1-infected individuals develop HAM/TSP, which more common in women than men. Since discovery significant advances have been made with respect to elucidating virological, molecular, immunopathological mechanisms underlying this disease. These findings suggest that spinal cord invasion T cells triggers strong virus-specific immune response increases proinflammatory cytokine chemokine production, leading lymphocytic inflammation tissue damage lesions. However, little progress has development an optimal treatment for specifically identification biomarkers predicting progression molecular targets novel therapeutic strategies targeting pathological mechanisms. This review summarizes current clinical pathophysiological knowledge on discusses future focus areas research