Emerging peak on the phylogeographic landscape of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in West Asia: Definitely smoke, likely fire.

摘要: Abstract To date, a major attention was justly given to the global lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, we demonstrated an importance minor ones, on example intriguing and underestimated NEW-1 family that belongs Euro-American lineage (lineage 4). Analysis WGS/NGS datasets (5715 strains) identified 2235 strains Lineage 4 66 sublineage L4.5. This latter is marked with RD122 genomic deletion includes family. Phylogenomic analysis confirmed separate position tentatively designate L4.5.1/Iran. We propose evolution/migration scenario starting origin L4.5 1000–1300 ya in China, subsequent pre-NEW-1 intermediate genotype Tibet, further migration Xinjiang/Uyghur, finally Iran since 800 (origin NEW-1), possibly, via expansion Mongol Yuan empire. longitudinal phylogeographic revealed sharp increase prevalence its eastwards neighbors last 20 years; most alarmingly, it accompanied significant association multidrug resistance (MDR). Ongoing migration, especially, Afghan refugees flows developed countries emphasize risk wider spread epidemic MDR subtype within coin as emerging resistant clone M. tuberculosis West Asia.