Wild birds and the epidemiology of avian influenza

摘要: Although wild birds are the recognized source and reservoir for all subtypes of avian influenza viruses (AIV), complex interaction among these diverse host virus populations has not received adequate attention. A general concept AIV epidemiology in exists; however, presence highly pathogenic (HPAI) H5N1 reinforced need a much more detailed understanding natural history. Worldwide, reservoirs incompletely defined, even within well-studied groups such as Anseriformes Charadriiformes. This lack clarity applies only to species, but also various present populations. Even with extensive number isolations previously reported from birds, species global distribution many completely understood. To date, studies related primarily focused on agent. move forward, we apply this same level scrutiny environments they utilize. Research date clearly demonstrates that population structure important maintenance, transmission, possibly long-distance movement. Species-related differences behavior, spatial temporal distribution, habitat utilization, migration age structure, individual susceptibility potentially influence species' role epidemiology. The unprecedented mortality associated HPAI infection provides new window which view potential exchange between domestic further expands varied roles may play These must be defined if going understand full implications current introduction into bird most importantly prevent next one.