Design and characterization of pulsed uniform supersonic expansions for chemical applications

摘要: A general formalism is presented for the production, characterization, and use of uniform supersonic flows study structural collisional molecular properties. These make possible generation thermally equilibrated gaseous environments at temperatures generally extending from near 10 to above 300 K pressures between 0.1 Torr. In addition, invariance flow conditions distances many nozzle diameters (5–30) beyond exit makes ideal or temporal studies. concise outline design Laval nozzles necessary produce specified density temperature presented. Pulsed operation these expansions demonstrated, a variety useful characterization tools providing information on uniformity thermal characteristics considered. Recent applications low‐temperature chemical reactions are reviewed.