A 3D Map of the Human Genome at Kilobase Resolution Reveals Principles of Chromatin Looping

摘要: We use in situ Hi-C to probe the 3D architecture of genomes, constructing haploid and diploid maps nine cell types. The densest, human lymphoblastoid cells, contains 4.9 billion contacts, achieving 1 kb resolution. find that genomes are partitioned into contact domains (median length, 185 kb), which associated with distinct patterns histone marks segregate six subcompartments. identify ∼10,000 loops. These loops frequently link promoters enhancers, correlate gene activation, show conservation across types species. Loop anchors typically occur at domain boundaries bind CTCF. CTCF sites loop predominantly (>90%) a convergent orientation, asymmetric motifs "facing" one another. inactive X chromosome splits two massive large anchored CTCF-binding repeats.