作者: Pavel Linhart , Victoria F. Ratcliffe , David Reby , Marek Špinka
DOI: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0135414
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摘要: Humans as well many animal species reveal their emotional state in voice. Vocal features show strikingly similar correlation patterns with states across mammalian species, suggesting that the vocal expression of emotion follows highly conserved signalling rules. To fully understand principles mammals it is, however, necessary to also account for any inconsistencies way they are acoustically encoded. Here we investigate whether emotions differs between call types produced by same species. We compare acoustic structure two common piglet calls—the scream (a distress call) and grunt contact call)—across three levels arousal a negative situation. find while central frequency calls increases both types, amplitude tonal quality (harmonic-to-noise ratio) contrasting patterns: increased, intensity increased screams, but not grunts, harmonicity screams decreased grunts. Our results suggest depends on function specificity type. The fact more varied than grunts is consistent idea have evolved convey information about arousal.