Molecular Pathology and Diagnostics of Thyroid and Parathyroid Malignancies

摘要: Malignancies of the thyroid and parathyroid glands are rare oncologic entities that range in clinical behavior from relatively indolent to extremely aggressive malignancies. Presently, establishing a diagnosis prognosis for malignancies largely depends on histology supplemented with immunohistochemical analysis. Over past 20 years, different histologic subtypes cancer have been shown carry specific genetic alterations, which often preferentially associated with, or unique to, each subtype. In many cases, these alterations analyzed via molecular-genetic testing techniques help establish cases where immunohistochemistry alone cannot. addition, such has occasionally used determine prognosis. molecular diagnostic is not performed tumors. However, differences between hyperplasia, adenomas, carcinomas detected testing. With additional research, may become more fully understood applied diagnostics. Thus, although presently extensively employed, diagnostics likely increasingly important determining malignancies, especially histologically difficult cases. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibitors oncogenes mutated being developed. time, mutations be implemented aid choosing optimal chemotherapeutic treatment regimens.