作者: Alfred G. Fischer
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-519640-6.50012-0
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摘要: The history of the biosphere is a peculiar mixture patterned and random processes, which are not easily untangled. Three sets processes here discussed: A major climatic cycle with period (?) around 300 m.y.; an intermediate one in 30 m.y. range; family cycles 10,000 to 100,000 year domain. long interpreted as atmospheric carbon dioxide pressure, leading alternation “greenhouse” “icehouse” states. origin attributed changes patterns vigor mantle convection, two related phenomena: volcanism fluctuations sea level. causes rhythm remain enigmatic. 10,000-100,000 rhythms seem be Earth's orbital perturbations, suggested ago. These environmental stress organic communities various ways, have been instrumental steering their evolution.