Prevention of Colorectal Cancer

摘要: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a malignant epithelial neoplasm (adenocarcinoma) developing in the glandular tissue of colon or rectum. The great majority CRCs develop from adenomatous colorectal polyps process called adenoma-carcinoma sequence (Muto et al., Cancer 36(6):2251–2270, 1975). are histopathologic group benign lesions that include hyperplastic and project above surrounding mucosa as well less common, non-polypoid polyps. (adenomas) benign, neoplastic precursors arise epithelium. In United States (USA), adenoma (CRA) prevalence approximately 25 % by age 50 rises to around 70. histological hallmarks CRA altered architecture dysplasia A progresses invasive CRC when dysplastic cells gain capacity invade through muscularis mucosa. development earliest may take years decades. While most CRAs, slow rate progress results than 10 ever progressing CRC. this chapter, we review molecular characteristics disease provide an update on epidemiology including reviewing evidence for established suspected risk factors Given dramatic impact screening early detection have had reducing incidence mortality death CRC, included detailed different recommendations their efficacy.