Mitogen-activated protein kinase and natural phenolic compounds in cardiovascular remodeling

摘要: Cellular responses require the activation of intracellular signal transduction pathways, particularly protein kinases. Mitogen-activated kinases (MAPKs) are responsible for a diverse range physiological processes in cells including growth, survival, and apoptosis. Three different kinases, known as extracellular signal-regulated (ERKs), c-Jun N-terminal (JNKs), p38 MAPKs, activated by dual phosphorylation on both threonine tyrosine residues within Thr-Xaa-Tyr motif. JNKs MAPKs trigger apoptosis whereas ERKs cellular survival presence noxious stimuli. Intracellular stress mediated via free radical generation other proinflammatory mediators may activate MAPKs. Impaired G-protein-coupled receptor signaling, most complications associated with obesity cardiovascular disorders, activates MAPK pathway, which ultimately downstream transcription factors gene expression related to cardiac growth. Polyphenolic compounds possessing strong antioxidant antiinflammatory properties improve stress-activated disorders such hypertension, atherosclerosis, hypertrophy, remodeling. This review focuses underlying mechanisms remodeling oxidative therapeutic potential natural inhibiting