Lichen-based indices to quantify responses to climate and air pollution across northeastern U.S.A

摘要: Lichens are known to be indicators for air quality; they also respond climate. We developed indices lichen response climate and quality in forests across the northeastern United States of America (U.S.A.), using 218–250 plot surveys with 145–161 macrolichen taxa from Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) Program U.S. Department Agriculture, Service. Lichen indicator species were selected Indicator Species Analysis, correlations environmental variables, published literature. Ordinations used evaluate strength relationships final indices. The Pollution Index was calculated a abundances 12 tolerant 45 sensitive standardized by abundance all species. correlated modeled deposition acidifying sulfur oxidized nitrogen community ordination pollution axes. Analyses suggested separate lichens fertilizing N (weak statistical support). Climate Index, 19 warmer 47 cooler species, minimum January annual maximum temperatures, two statistically independent. Repeat sample variability each index 7–14.5% (lower higher data), supporting detection consistent trends 16–20% change over time or variation space. Variability more affected data than that Index. continuous gradient values suggests cleanest areas may have above critical load fully protect communities. These Indices can applied track responses other our study regions; suitability should tested before use outside area.