Recent developments in the genetics of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

摘要: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental psychiatric that affects children and adults. ADHD one of the disorders with strongest genetic basis according to familial, twin, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)-based epidemiological studies. In this review, we provide an update recent insights into ADHD. We discuss progress from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) looking at common variants as well rare copy number variations. New analysis gene groups, so-called functional ontologies, some insight networks afflicted, pointing role neurodevelopmentally expressed networks. Bioinformatic methods, such enrichment protein-protein network analysis, are used highlight biological processes likely relevance etiology Additionally, variations seem map on important pathways implicated in synaptic signaling neurodevelopment. While candidate associations of, for example, neurotransmitter receptors signaling, have been replicated, they do not explain significant variance GWAS. case-control SNP-GWAS presented first whole-genome SNP