Nano-scale modulus mapping of biological composite materials: Theory and practice

摘要: Abstract The mechanical behavior of materials depends to a large extent on their properties at the nanoscale and, therefore, novel characterization techniques with sub-micron spatial resolution were developed in last decades. Among them are variety tools for probing local elastic and viscoelastic materials, methods such as nanoindentation AFM- nanoindenter-based measurements using force modulation. In this review, we describe modulus mapping technique, which emerged an extremely powerful tool providing quantitative information storage loss moduli distributions complex nanocomposites. Since tip penetrates only few nanometers into technique provides superior lateral order 20 nm. All aspects method covered, including historical perspective, theoretical analysis, instrumentation, examples its application studying multiphase structures interfaces. main focus review is challenging field natural bio-composites, consist stiff compliant components, often nanometric dimensions. Gradients across nm-sized features biological upmost importance performance. Quantitative nano-scale these can hardly be achieved by other means.