Interactive 3D-PDF Presentations for the Simulation and Quantification of Extended Endoscopic Endonasal Surgical Approaches

摘要: A three-dimensional (3D) model of the skull base was reconstructed from pre- and post-dissection head CT images embedded in a Portable Document Format (PDF) file, which can be opened by freely available software used offline. The were segmented using specific 3D platform for biomedical data, resulting geometrical models anatomical structures dual purpose: to simulate extended endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approaches perform quantitative analysis procedures. consisted bone removal quantification calculation parameters (surgical freedom exposure area) each procedure. results are presented three PDF documents containing JavaScript-based functions. 3D-PDF files include reconstructions nasal (nasal septum, vomer, middle turbinates), bony anterior maxillofacial region partial optic nerve, hypoglossal vidian canals internal carotid arteries. Alongside model, axial, sagittal coronal shown. Interactive presentations created explain surgery associated methods step-by-step. allow user interact with through easily software, free charge an intuitive manner. offline use on personal computer no previous specialized knowledge informatics is required. downloaded at http://hdl.handle.net/2445/55224.