Industrialization and Global Value Chain Participation: An Examination of Constraints Faced by the Private Sector in Nepal

摘要: The world’s trade landscape is being shaped by global value chains, which present new opportunities as well challenges to developing countries. While large countries are leveraging the benefits of smaller economies have been less successful. In this paper we examine constraints faced Nepal, a land-locked least developed country, in participating chains. We find that weak and ineffective industrial policy has led de-industrialization, turn reduced productive capacity. high cost transport energy, inadequate provision public goods low levels investment reduce country’s ability participate As Nepal dependent on regional neighbors for access markets. Shallow integration, prevalence non-tariff barriers, inefficient transit further disadvantage Nepal.