Developing a framework for assessing the impact of geothermal development phases on ecosystem services

摘要: The 2014 Indonesian National Energy Policy has set a target to provide national primary energy usage reached 2.500 kWh per capita in the year 2025 and 7.000 2050. state that development of should consider balance economic values, supply security, conservation environment. This led prioritization renewable sources. Geothermal source produces low carbon emissions is widely available Indonesia due country's location "volcanic arc". geothermal faces several problems related its potential locations Indonesia. sites for are mostly located volcanic landscapes have high hazard risk often designated protected areas. Local community knowledge use also challenge where sometimes strong local culture stand way. Each phase (exploration, construction, operation maintenance, decommissioning) will an impact on landscape everyone living it. Meanwhile, natural other human-induced drivers keep environments changing. conference paper addresses integrated assessment spatially measure phases ecosystem services. Listing effects services induced by each estimating spatial using Geographic Information System (GIS) result overview how much affects this information could be included improve planning.