Simulating and Optimizing Hydrogen Production by Low-pressure Autothermal Reforming of Natural Gas using Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II

摘要: Environmental considerations will probably change automobile fuels from gasoline and gas-oil to hydrogen (as fuel cell) in the future. Problems of fossil include producing gaseous pollutants, such as NOx, CO, even SO2 (from incomplete-hydrotreated fuels), which need catalytic converters greenhouse gas emission (such CO2, CH4, N2O) exhaust with a drastic effect on global warming1. Hydrogen usage cells generates only harmless water vapor2. Another future promising application may be small power plants without pollutants or emission. Nowadays, industrial countries are coal-based high SO2, mercury, fly-ash emissions. Flue desulfurization CaO (dry method) Ca(OH)2 (wet is costly process3. In addition, reaction lime shows pore mouth closure incomplete conversion problems due molar volume ratio CaSO4 CaO4. The environmental preference natural terms over coal very interesting issue. Natural sweetening simple, whereas almost impossible. Moreover, amount (CO2) emissions gas-based combustion about 45 % plants5,6. Industrial production usually based steam reforming (SR) synthesis (CO+3H2), water-gas shift for converting CO into CO2 absorption, methanation trace-remaining carbon oxides7. Conventional highly endothermic needs big top-fired side-fired furnace external heating Ni-packed tubes8. Steam by methane feed stock has been extensively studied literature9–12. method synthesizing partial oxidation method. This includes exothermic hot spot, sintering active catalyst sites, run-away problems13–15. An alternative autothermal internal heat generation oxygen air injection system elimination its furnace16,17. ATR (autothermal reforming) combines thermal effects reactions feeding gas, vapor, (or oxygen) reactor. occur simultaSimulating Optimizing Production Low-pressure Autothermal Reforming Gas using Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II