Orchestration in political processes: Involvement of experts, citizens, and participatory professionals in forest policy making

摘要: Abstract The overarching aim of this review paper is to investigate the involvement experts, citizens, and participatory professionals in forest policy decision-making processes. Three interpretations governance are distinguished translate idea an orchestra European (forest) making processes, referring Frank Fischer's differentiation between a centralised state guided by administrative experts on one hand deliberative driven citizen participation other form professionals. included total 81 research articles published 1998 2015 addressing expert policy. results show that clearly visible processes Europe mainly involving traditional groups as owners. Whether these engaged process with citizens remains unanswered. furthermore strong though literature rather silent how steering evolves Finally analysis shows neglected Europe. It perceived difficult pursue, even at local level. Therefore article found nearly no empirical evidence for so-called citizen's competence self-align deliberation. Instead seem be part itself, but remain outside audience.