Agronomic and technological approaches to minimizing gaseous nitrogen losses from croplands

摘要: Nitrogen is transferred in gaseous forms from the earth’s surfaces to atmosphere through NH3 (and probably amine) volatilization soils, waters, and plant leaves; N2, N2O, NO evolution during biological denitrification; NO, NO2 abiological denitrification (chemodenitrification); N2O nitrification; x (N oxides) release combustion. The physical processes (except burning) leading these N transfers have been discussed preceding chapters of this monograph. Discussed here are some approaches that or being taken minimize losses cultivated soils. These seek improve efficiency soil fertilizer use by crop plants. They include chemicals inhibit activity amendments alter and/or chemical properties fertilizers, improved management practices. Some methods directed toward reducing loss soils also may increase decreasing movement inorganic solution rhizosphere, regulating form amount supplied any given growth period. Discussion latter aspects beyond intended scope chapter which focusses on fertilized croplands.