Estradiol Membrane-Initiated Signaling and Female Reproduction

摘要: The discoveries of rapid, membrane-initiated steroid actions and central nervous system steroidogenesis have changed our understanding the neuroendocrinology reproduction. Classical nuclear estradiol progesterone steroids affecting transcription are essential. However, with membrane-associated receptors, it is becoming clear that neurotransmitter-like activating intracellular events. Ultimately, can influence transcription. Estradiol signaling (EMS) modulates female sexual receptivity estrogen feedback regulating luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. In arcuate nucleus, EMS activates a lordosis-regulating circuit extends to medial preoptic nucleus subsequently ventromedial (VMH)—the output from limbic hypothalamic regions. Here, we discuss how leads an active inhibition lordosis behavior. To stimulate ovulation, facilitates astrocyte synthesis (neuroP) in hypothalamus. Regulation GnRH release driving LH surge dependent on estradiol-sensitive kisspeptin (Kiss1) expression rostral periventricular third ventricle (RP3V). NeuroP activation depends Kiss1, but specifics not been well elucidated. RP3V Kiss1 neurons appear integrate information which feeds back onto second population neurons, suppresses maintains tonic release, another critical component estrous cycle. Together, evidence suggests regulation reproduction involves membrane action steroids, some synthesized brain.