Slowly but Can We Say "Surely"? Pay Equity & Segregation a Decade Later in West Virginia State Government

摘要: In the twenty-first century, women continue to be paid at a substantially lower rate than men in United States. A recent study of status women's pay different states reveals some good and bad news (Hartmann, Sorokina, & Williams, 2006). The is that female-to-male-wage ratio improved from 69% 1989 77% 2006. wage gap reduction may linked increase education levels job market. addition, are now more prevalent better paying positions, namely, professional managerial positions (35.5%). There was also news. Full-time working earned less full-time all states. Also, there great deal variation improvement female-to-male one state another--1% 17% another. If progress remains pace shown this study, U.S. will not see gender parity until year 2056--nearly century after employment discrimination against outlawed. Wage disparities cannot blamed solely on sex-based discrimination. These issues representation, family choices, human capital characteristics. Indeed, research has repeatedly it difficult separate market-wide representation workforce (Alkadry Tower, 2006; Tower Alkadry, 2008). Women tend segregated position (e.g., clerical positions), occupations social work or education), and/or agencies provide health, services). It characteristics workforce. Particular factors, such as experience education, have historically been used excuses for female segregation certain fields agencies. However, gaps rapidly narrowing. other developments likely help remedy under-representation between male earnings. By 2002, had pattern uninterrupted paralleled men's (Women Work, 2003). More specifically, stopped exiting ages 25 34 re-entering 45-54. educational attainment closing. percentage years older who least Bachelors degree very close: 26.5% compared 29.1% (Hartmann et al., statistics refer national trends; consequently, numbers vary state. For instance, West Virginia 15.2% holding Bachelor's 15.6% Although much average, narrower. Instead focusing article focuses how these changing over time Virginia's administration. economy ranked 47th best women--only Idaho, Louisiana Arkansas literature review discusses interplay equal pay--highlighting disparities, agency, level occupational segregation. followed with discussion distinctiveness economy, demography, public highlights initiatives undertaken by improve sector. After presenting results, concludes policy implications recommendations future research. …