Hierarchical Modelling of Complex Material and Energy Flow in Manufacturing Systems

摘要: Abstract Over the past decades, economic and environmental soundness of manufacturing systems are often questioned because large consumption energy primary materials. In order to investigate potential opportunities towards achieving material efficiency in these systems, it is essential model flows associated complexity detail. An isolated consideration individual processes which themselves comprised sub-processes not a sufficient approach. To obtain reasonable level detail from system, hierarchical structure consumers system required. this paper simulation based approach presented flows. This considers within system. It can be served as base identify hotspots assess effectiveness retrofitting exercise through what-if scenarios. industrial case study used demonstrate applicability validity proposed