The performance of gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration for roofing rainwater reuse: Implications of roofing rainwater energy and rainwater purification

摘要: Abstract Rainwater harvesting (RWH) coupled with gravity-driven membrane (GDM) filtration was used to simultaneously treat rainwater and recover energy. A pilot GDM could obtain a relatively stable level of permeate flux (~4.0 L/(m2·h)) under set water head (ΔH = 0.4 m) over 140 days operation. An increase (ΔH = 0.6 m) did not achieve sharp in stabilized (~2.4 L/(m2·h)) 20 days operation until the end. It found that produce almost free particles. However, only small amount organic matter trace metals (i.e., Cr, Al, Fe, Cu, Mn Ca) were removed, as demonstrated by excitation-emission matrix (EEM) energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analysis. Additionally, bacterial abundance within ((8.45 ± 0.11) × 102 cells/mL) decreased compared tank ((1.85 ± 0.14) × 105 cells/mL), revealing rejected bacteria might enhance biofilm formation. The presence extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assimilable carbon (AOC) indicated high microbial activity biofilm, which also porous cake layer morphology observed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results from confocal laser (CLSM) imaging biofilm. NH3-N removed Nitrospira identified community Overall, this novel approach has potential improve municipal availability stormwater management practices.