How Academic Achievement, Attitudes, and Behaviors Relate to the Course of Substance Use During Adolescence: A 6-Year, Multiwave National Longitudinal Study

摘要: Self-report data regarding alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use were collected biennially from ages 14 to 20 in a nationally representative panel sample of adolescents (N=1,897) the Monitoring Future study. Growth curve analyses performed using hierarchical linear modeling consider psychosocial background, motivation school attitudes, parental peer influences at age as predictors concurrent substance change use. Results indicated that misbehavior encouragement positively associated with increased over time; bonding, interest, effort, academic achievement, help negatively associated. The protective effects positive attitudes perceptions high status connected academics stronger for low-achieving compared high-achieving youth. Implications developmental perspective on etiology prevention are discussed.