Structural evolution and wear of ice surface during rubber-ice contact

摘要: Abstract This study investigates different possible contact mechanisms of rubber–ice sliding friction using in-situ and ex-situ ice microscopy at test temperatures below melting point. Several frictional processes were identified based on the evolution surface morphology. The nature is significantly for softer stiffer rubber compounds. For compounds microstructure evolves through frost rounding/removal, scratching by hard filler plowing, shearing quasi-liquid layer capillary drag. Cold recrystallization local melting/refreezing was not found to occur owing homogenous pressure distribution. compounds, distribution uneven more localized, resulting in enhanced deformation features such as subgrain boundaries, visible etch pits large-scale melting/refreezing.