Transgenic Cotton for Sustainable Pest Management: A Review

摘要: Transgenic cotton has significantly altered pest control in this crop during the last decade. Cotton was one of first widely cultivated Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insect-resistant and herbicide-tolerant (Ht) transgenic plants. Over 300 varieties expressing single or dual Bt proteins targeting lepidopteron larvae, as well pyramided with herbicide tolerance, are available to growers. Potential negative impacts plants, however, have generated concerns over deploying these plants extensive areas, such those occupied by cotton. Nearly 8% 33.8 million hectares been trend increase future seasons. Hence, weediness, gene flow, impact on nontarget organisms Ht closely studied past Despite justifiable potential risks, data show neither a significant nor development field resistance pests. Results registered four natural enemies, which discussed here. No weediness flow shown 333 published results, although little exist for risks flow. Regarding insect resistance, several factors underline appearance population, including species biology interactions environmental conditions population. Modeling evolution population conducted use protein might reach some failure due depending frequency-conferring Planting cotton, therefore, requires effort vigilance ensure sustainability system, planting mandatory refuges monitoring weed resistance. This article presents discusses seven sections beyond an introductory section: What is plant, conventional plant breeding methods how cottons were developed (Bollgard®, WideStrike®, VipCot® tolerant cottons), effects cottons, management, perspective Brazil, management