Annual and seasonal variability of greenhouse gases fluxes over coastal urban and suburban areas in Portugal: Measurements and source partitioning

摘要: Abstract Fluxes of CO2, H2O and energy were measured continuously during a four-year period by eddy covariance, simultaneously at an urban suburban sites in the western coast Portugal. The parallel measurements permitted to distinguish anthropogenic from natural CO2 emission/deposition. Natural fluxes important location. Anthropogenic emission dominated fluxes, being double winter comparison with summer periods. A weekly daily pattern was observed for area, lower rates weekends flux peaks coincident traffic rush hours. At site, seasonal variability consistent vegetation photosynthesis activity growth cycles. Measured compared very favourably inventory calculations indicating that home heating are main causes emissions. Individual Portugal side individual published worldwide, possibly as result mild local climate low family income hinders residential cold spells. Although it rained 20% more location, water vapour were, on average, higher probably porous character ground coverage. This affected way distributed between sensible latent heat each Bowen ratios area. No island effect could be detected, basis, because turbulence area caused coastal winds surface roughness.