摘要: One of the main goals DOTS- based programs was interruption transmission Mycobacterium tuberculosis through early detection using sputum smear microscopy and cure infectious (TB) cases short-course chemotherapy (SCC). This chapter describes progress challenges in implementing Stop TB strategy, built around DOTS, Global Plan to 2006-2015. The global burden is also presented terms incidence, prevalence, mortality, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related TB, drug- resistant specially MDR- extensively drug-resistant (XDR- TB). reviews towards achievement 2015 related Millennium Development Goals (MDG) Partnership targets halving prevalence mortality compared 1990 levels. Full scale-up collaborative activities between HIV national aiming reduce among people infected with M. vice versa will be critical accelerate control region. sequencing genome 1998 probably turning point for realization that development new tools against could within reach, as frontiers were open field basic research. implementation strategy via improved indicate some cause optimism regarding future prospects controlling epidemic.