Cortical GABAergic Neurons

摘要: The neocortex is regarded as the brain structure responsible for mediating higher functions, like conscious perception of sensory signals, learning and memory, programming goal-directed behavior. Cortical circuits are formed by, first, a larger population excitatory so-called principal cells (i.e., glutamatergic pyramidal cells; ca. 80–88%), which issue long-distance projections, in addition to local recurrent collaterals, form major part cortical (Douglas, R. J., & Martin, K. A. C. (2007). Mapping matrix: ways neocortex. Neuron 56 , 226–238; Feldmeyer, D., Brecht, M., Helmchen, F., Petersen, H., Poulet, J. F. A., Staiger, (2013). Barrel cortex function. Progress Neurobiology 103, 3–27; Schubert, Kotter, R., functional connectivity barrel-related columns reveals layer- cell type-specific microcircuits. Brain Structure Function 212 107–119). A second, smaller inhibitory also called or short-axoned interneurons GABAergic neurons; 12–20%), however, contribute heavily intracortical microcircuits, too. They can be subdivided by their location not only specific areas, layers, columns, possess input–output relationships, but terms morphology, electrophysiology, molecular expression profiles, subcellular target specificity (Ascoli, G. Alonso-Nanclares, L., Anderson, S. Barrionuevo, G., Benavides-Piccione, (2008). Petilla terminology: nomenclature features cerebral cortex. Nature Reviews Neuroscience 9 557–568; Markram, Toledo-Rodriguez, Wang, Y., Gupta, Silberberg, Wu, Z. (2004). Interneurons neocortical system. 5 793–807). Here, it proposed that, at present, rodent neocortex, this neurons reasonably divided into six different types: (i) axo-axonic cells, (ii) basket (iii) Martinotti (iv) bipolar/bitufted (v) neurogliaform (vi) projection neurons. topic future research will determine how much within-type diversity does exist, that is, many subtypes distinguished what genuine functions circuitry.