Melanin hyperpigmentation of skin: melasma, topical treatment with azelaic acid, and other therapies.

摘要: Clinical studies of patients with melasma have shown that topical 20 percent azelaic acid is superior to 2 hydroquinone and as effective 4 hydroquinone, without the latter's undesirable side effects. Tretinoin appears enhance this effect acid. Azelaic tretinoin caused more skin lightening after three months than alone, a higher proportion excellent responders at end treatment. The can be attributed its ability inhibit energy production and/or DNA synthesis hyperactive melanocytes, partially antityrosinase activity. This may also account for beneficial on postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. Destruction malignant melanocytes by combination same activities, enhanced greater permeability tumoral cells acid, clinical effects observed in lentigo maligna individual lesions primary melanoma.