Higher-order nonlinear equations for the electron-acoustic waves in a nonextensive electron-positron-ion plasma

摘要: A precise theoretical investigation has been made on electron-acoustic (EA) Gardner solitons (GSs) and double layers (DLs) in a four-component plasma system consisting of nonextensive hot electrons positrons, inertial cold electrons, immobile positive ions. The well-known reductive perturbation method used to derive the Korteweg-de Vries (K-dV), modified K-dV (mK-dV), equations along with their solitary wave as well layer solutions. It found that depending parameters, GSs are either compressive or rarefactive, whereas mK-dV only compressive, DLs rarefactive. analytical comparison among solitons, also investigated. identified basic properties such EA significantly due effects nonextensivity other parameters related particle number densities temperature different species. results our present can be helpful for understanding nonlinear electrostatic structures associated waves various interstellar space environments cosmological scenarios (viz. quark-gluon plasma, protoneutron stars, stellar polytropes, hadronic matter, dark-matter halos, etc.)