Urinary Volatile Organic Compounds for the Detection of Prostate Cancer

摘要: The aim of this work was to investigate volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emanating from urine samples determine whether they can be used classify into those prostate cancer and non-cancer groups. Participants were men referred for a trans-rectal ultrasound-guided biopsy because an elevated specific antigen (PSA) level or abnormal findings on digital rectal examination. Urine collected patients with (n = 59) cancer-free controls 43), the day their biopsy, prior procedure. VOCs headspace basified extracted using solid-phase micro-extraction analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Classifiers developed Random Forest (RF) Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) classification techniques. PSA alone had accuracy 62-64% in these samples. A model based 4 VOCs, 2,6-dimethyl-7-octen-2-ol, pentanal, 3-octanone, 2-octanone, marginally more accurate 63-65%. When combined, four mean accuracies 74% 65%, RF LDA, respectively. With repeated double cross-validation, fell 71% Results VOC profiling are encouraging suggest that there other metabolomic avenues worth exploring which could help improve stratification at risk cancer. This study also adds our knowledge profile found urine, patients, is useful information future studies comparing disease states.