Birds of the internet : a field guide to understanding action, organization, and the governance of participation

摘要: Scholarly attention to new forms of participation on the Internet has proliferated classifications and theories without providing any criteria for distinctions diversity. Labels such as ‘peer production’, ‘prosumption’, ‘user-led innovation’ ‘organized networks’ are intended explain cultural economic interaction mediated by Internet, but lack systematic way distinguishing different cases. This article provides elements composition a ‘birder's handbook’ that have been observed analyzed over last 10 years. It is help scholars across disciplines distinguish fleeting participation: first, authors highlight fact nearly always employs both ‘formal social enterprise’ an public’ stand in some structural temporal relationship one another; second, map action exchange take place amongst these two entities, showing how divided up into tasks goals, they relate resource created through participation; third, we describe governance, or variation goals made available to, modifiable by, participants either formal enterprise organized public.