Evaluation of indeterminate biliary strictures

摘要: Biliary strictures frequently present a diagnostic challenge during pre-operative evaluation to determine their benign or malignant nature. A variety of conditions, such as primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and IgG4-related cholangitis, mimic malignancies. In addition, PSC other chronic biliary diseases increase the risk cholangiocarcinoma so require ongoing vigilance. Although traditional methods including imaging, detection circulating tumour markers, sampling by endoscopic ultrasound retrograde cholangiopancreatography have high specificity, they suffer from low sensitivity. Currently, up 20% remain indeterminate after necessitate surgical intervention for definitive diagnosis. The discovery novel biomarkers, new imaging modalities advanced techniques suggests that multimodality approach might lead better accuracy.