A fully coupled physically-based spatially-distributed model for evaluating surface/subsurface flow

摘要: Abstract A physically-based, spatially-distributed model is presented for simulation of surface/subsurface flow and the interactions between these domains. The designed practical application to a wide variety hydrologic evaluations, at various scales simulation. system represented by three-dimensional saturated–unsaturated equation subsurface, coupled with diffusion wave areal overland flow, both which are through network streams channels, including hydraulic structures. Ground surface unevenness grid scale incorporated via concept detention storage, thick vegetation or urban features included an obstruction storage exclusion term. Evapotranspiration from subsurface modeled using land cover climatic factors define complete water budget physically-based formulation. equations discretized fully implicit procedure, Newton–Raphson method handle non-linearities efficiently. Robustness, stability accuracy solution obtained cases dry systems large interaction fluxes. Adaptive time-stepping schemes under-relaxation formulas further alleviate computational burden. Verification examples demonstrate need rigorous, fully-coupled set equations, hydrologic-cycle analysis.