Urinary biomarkers of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: current status and future potential

摘要: Bladder cancer diagnosis and patient surveillance present a wide range of diagnostic methods but essentially only instrumental approaches are available in the clinical setting. Although numerous new noninvasive biomarkers have been proposed last 10 years, few US FDA-approved for purposes, none widely used routine practice. In this review, we summarize tests developed early verify whether, any, there is some level evidence to suggest real usefulness