Linking ice and gas in the Serpens low-mass star-forming region

摘要: The interaction between dust, ice, and gas during the formation of stars produces complex organic molecules. While observations indicate that several species are formed on ice-covered dust grains released into phase, exact chemical interplay solid phases their relative importance remain unclear. Our goal is to study in regions low-mass star through ice- gas-mapping by directly measuring gas-to-ice ratios. This provides constraints routes lead complexity observed both phases. We present gas-phase methanol (CH$_3$OH) carbon monoxide at 1.3 mm towards ten young protostars Serpens SVS4 cluster from SubMillimeter Array Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment telescope. used archival data Very Large Telescope derive abundances ice H$_2$O, CO, CH$_3$OH same region. Finally, we constructed gas-ice maps measured CO ratio agrees with values were previously reported for embedded Class 0/I protostars. gas-maps trace an extended gaseous component not sensitive effect freeze-out. find there no straightforward correlation counterparts cluster. likely related morphology SVS4: 0 protostar SMM4 its envelope lie vicinity, outflow associated intersects serves as a pathfinder future ALMA James Webb Space will provide high-sensitivity molecules more than methanol. Such comparative be essential constrain regulate star-forming regions.