Use of experimental ecosystems in regulatory decision making

摘要: Tiered testing for the effects of chemicals on aquatic ecosystems has begun to include tests at ecosystem level as a component in pesticide regristration. Because such are expensive, regulators and industry need know what additional information they can gain from relative costs simpler single-species toxicity bioassays. Requirements ecosystem-level have developed because resource managers not fully understood implications potential damage resources without having evaluations predicted impacts under field conditions. We review approaches taken use experimental ecosystems, discuss benefits limitations small- large-scale tests, point correlative between laboratory testing.