Chapter 4 ▸ - Damage and Rock Physical Properties

摘要: The crack damage is ubiquitous in rocks. It related to material properties and a geological history that usually involves complex changes thermodynamic boundary conditions during subsidence or uplift erosion of rock mass. Brittle critical importance for almost all geotechnical purposes, such as stability boreholes, stimulation oil geothermal reservoirs, the design tunnels hazardous waste disposals. On vastly different time length scales, physical mechanisms earthquakes involve localized brittle failure frictional sliding along preexisting faults. Physical models describing accumulation rocks ultimately leading compressive may be divided roughly continuum macroscopic micromechanical models. From point view, formation shear fracture has been investigated instability constitutive law deformation under stress. progressive degradation captured through an internal variable, density, average size, variation effective elastic moduli acoustic emissions (AEs). In these models, often assumed occur once state variable reached value.