Solar gamma-ray-line flares, type II radio bursts, and coronal mass ejections

摘要: A Big Flare Syndrome (BFS) test is used to substantiate earlier reports of a statistically significant association between nuclear gamma-ray-line (GRL) flares and metric type II bursts from coronal shocks. The onset characteristically follows the gamma-ray emission with median delay two minutes. It found that 70-90 percent GRL for which coronagraph data were available associated mass ejections (CMEs). Gradual impulsive equally well CMEs. CMEs typically fast, speed greater than 800 km/s. possible `non-BFS' explanations GRL-type are discussed.