Evolution of Dimethylsulfoniopropionate Metabolism in Marine Phytoplankton and Bacteria

摘要: The elucidation of the pathways for dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) synthesis and metabolism ecological impact DMSP have been studied nearly seventy years. Much this interest stems from fact that produces climatically active gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS), primary natural source sulfur to atmosphere. plays many important roles marine life, including use as an osmolyte, antioxidant, predator deterrent, cryoprotectant phytoplankton a reduced carbon bacteria. is hypothesized become abundant in oceans ~250 million years ago with diversification strong producers, dinoflagellates. This event coincides first genome expansion roseobacter clade, known degraders. Structural mechanistic studies enzymes bacterial demethylation cleavage suggest exposure led recruitment preexisting metabolic pathways. In some cases, such DmdA, DmdD, DddP, these appear evolved more specific metabolism. By contrast other enzymes, DmdB, DmdC, acrylate utilization hydratase AcuH, maintained broad functionality substrate specificities, allowing them carry out range reactions within cell. review will cover experimental evidence supporting hypothesis that, became readily available environment, bacteria adapted already encoded their genomes utilize new compound.