Cerebral insulin, insulin signaling pathway, and brain angiogenesis

摘要: Insulin performs unique non-metabolic functions within the brain. Broadly speaking, two major areas of these are those related to brain endothelial cells and blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, behavioral effects, like cognition in disease states (Alzheimer's disease, AD) health. Recent studies showed that both associated with angiogenesis. These findings raise interesting questions such as how they linked each other whether modifying angiogenesis by targeting certain insulin signaling pathways could be an effective strategy treat dementia AD, or even help secure healthy longevity. The canonical downstream involved mediating pathway, phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K), mitogen-activated protein (MAPK) cascades, supposed similar periphery. PI3K MAPK play important roles Both stimulating hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) activated pathway. This suggests might act cross-talk between pathway But cerebral insulin, detailed mechanism connection aging dementias still mostly not clear need further studies.