Conservation research across scales in a national program: How to be relevant to local management yet general at the same time

摘要: Abstract Successfully addressing complex conservation problems requires attention to pattern and process at multiple spatial scales. This is challenging from a logistical organizational perspective. In response indications of worldwide declines in amphibian populations, the Amphibian Research Monitoring Initiative (ARMI) U.S. Geological Survey was established 2000. national program unique its structure, organization, success integrating information ARMI works under principle that good study design tailored specific questions, but stipulates use methods result unbiased parameter estimates (e.g., occupancy). allows studies be designed address local questions also produce data can easily scaled up accomplish objectives broad-scale monitoring program. Here we describe how implementation results research applicable across scales – global, contributing understanding decline phenomena; continental, synthesizing understand large-scale drivers; regional, by characterizing threats assessing status species range scale; local, working with National Park, Wildlife Refuge, other Federal State land managers identify needs serve conservation-relevant inform management decisions.