An overview of processes and considerations in the modelling of fixed-bed biomass combustion

摘要: Abstract Biomass fuel is an environmentally friendly renewable energy source and carbon-neutral (non-fossil) alternative. To facilitate its wider uptake, significant efforts are undertaken to model experimentally study biomass combustion processes, in both industrial-scale (grate fired) small-scale (lab-scale) combustors. In many studies, the core aim better understand relationship between thermal conversion processes (drying, pyrolysis, char conversion) their interrelationship combustor performance (efficiency, emissions, process temperatures, scale formation, instabilities). However, due complexity of solid (particle) bed behaviour, precise modelling all aspects fixed-bed not readily achievable. Despite existence excellent experimental studies on numerous related characteristics forestry derived fuels combustion, research this field challenging. Complications arise from multitude used, varying geometries configurations investigated different methodologies adopted resolve steady-state transient operation. The literature includes works various including that fixed-beds. whilst these valuable, they do sufficiently cover methods fundamentals direct conversion, at particle-level. aims present provide a fundamental overview employed laboratory-scale paper also treatment thermo-physical which need be considered when undertaking macro-scale (bed-level) modelling. concludes with summary observations relation as well some opportunities warrant further challenges overcome.