7 Postisoprenylation protein processing: CXXX (CaaX) endoproteases and isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase

摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the progress in understanding “postisoprenylation” processing of CXXX proteins—the endoproteolytic step and carboxyl methylation step. For much 1990s, getting a handle on these steps was slow, at least when compared with rapid protein isoprenyltransferases, there uncertainty about their physiologic importance. More recently, however, have been exciting advances steps, making it an attractive time to review this area. In landmark study, Boyartchuk, Ashby, Rine identified two genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae , RCEl AFCl, that are involved proteolytic removal “-XXX” farnesylated proteins (Ras2p precursor yeast mating pheromone a-factor). breakthrough made possible mine expressed sequence tag (EST) databases clone mammalian orthologs for AFCl. The provides overview earlier work describing endoproteolysis enzymatic activities, as well newer identification gene products responsible mammals.